A Jewish woman in exile in the 1930s is an antihero.

~ Núria Añó

Núria Añó 1930 1930 S 1930S Antihero Antiheroes Antiheroine Antiheros Exile Exiled Exiles Exilio Feminism Feminist Feminist Memoir Historical Historical Perspective History History Of Religion History Of The United States History Repeating Itself Humanity Jew Jewish Jewish Diaspora Jewish Identity Jewish Question Jews Nazi Nazi German 1945 Nazi Germany Nazis Nazism Past Politics Social Society Woman Woman Quotations Woman Quotes Woman S Character Woman S Charm Woman S Secrets Woman S Strength Woman To Woman Womanhood Womanism Women Women And Men Women Empowerment Women Quotes Women S Fiction Women S Inspirational Women S Rights Women S Strength Women Writers Womens Rights

And thus to my final and most melancholy point: a great number of Stalin's enforcers and henchmen in Eastern Europe were Jews. And not just a great number, but a great proportion. The proportion was especially high in the secret police and 'security' departments, where no doubt revenge played its own part, as did the ideological attachment to Communism that was so strong among internationally minded Jews at that period: Jews like David Szmulevski. There were reasonably strong indigenous Communist forces in Czechoslovakia and East Germany, but in Hungary and Poland the Communists were a small minority and knew it, were dependent on the Red Army and aware of the fact, and were disproportionately Jewish and widely detested for that reason. Many of the penal labor camps constructed by the Nazis were later used as holding pens for German deportees by the Communists, and some of those who ran these grim places were Jewish. Nobody from Israel or the diaspora who goes to the East of Europe on a family-history fishing-trip should be unaware of the chance that they will find out both much less and much more than the package-tour had promised them. It's easy to say, with Albert Camus, 'neither victims nor executioners.' But real history is more pitiless even than you had been told it was.

~ Christopher Hitchens

Christopher Hitchens Antisemitism Camus Communism Czechoslovakia David Szmulevski East Germany Eastern Europe Germans History Hungary Ideology Israel Jewish Diaspora Jews Nazis Poland Red Army Revenge Secret Police Stalin

The birth and growth of modern antisemitism has been accompanied by and interconnected with Jewish assimilation, the secularization and withering away of the old religious and spiritual values of Judaism. What actually happened was that great parts of the Jewish people were at the same time threatened by physical extinction from without and dissolution from within. In this situation, Jews concerned with the survival of their people would, in a curious and desperate misinterpretation, hit on the consoling idea that antisemitism, after all, might be an excellent means for keeping the people together so that the assumption of external antisemitism would even imply an external guarantee of Jewish existence. This superstition, a secularized travesty of the idea of eternity inherent in a faith in chosenness and a Messianic hope, has been strengthened through the fact that for many centuries the Jews experienced the Christian brand of hostility which was indeed a powerful agent of preservation, spiritually as well as politically. The Jews mistook modern anti-Christian antisemitism for the old religious Jew-hatred—and this all the more innocently because their assimilation had by-passed Christianity in its religious and cultural aspect. Confronted with an obvious symptom of the decline of Christianity, they could therefore imagine in all ignorance that this was some revival of the so-called Dark Ages. Ignorance or misunderstanding of their own past were partly responsible for their fatal underestimation of the actual and unprecedented dangers which lay ahead. But one should also bear in mind that lack of political ability and judgment have been caused by the very nature of Jewish history, the history of a people without a government, without a country, and without a language. Jewish history offers the extraordinary spectacle of a people, unique in this respect, which began its history with a well-defined concept of history and an almost conscious resolution to achieve a well-circumscribed plan on earth and then, without giving up this concept, avoided all political action for two thousand years. The result was that the political history of the Jewish people became even more dependent upon unforeseen, accidental factors than the history of other nations, so that the Jews stumbled from one role to the other and accepted responsibility for none.

~ Hannah Arendt

Hannah Arendt 1968 19Th Century Adversity Antisemitism Assimilation Christianity Vs Jews Jew Hated Jewish Diaspora Jewish History Jews And Judaism In Europe

The light on her face was a lesson, a book that she hoped he would want to read, but he looked away from her...she did not want this man to leave her alone. He was kind. And she feared the loneliness of dreaming

~ Caryl Phillips

Caryl Phillips Jewish Diaspora Slavery Transatlantic