When I was a student, there wasn't a single thing we did that was unrelated to others. It was all for the Emperor, or parents, or the country, or society—everything was other-centered, which means that all educated men were hypocrites. When society changed, this hypocrisy ceased to work, and as a result, self-centeredness was gradually imported into thought and action, and egoism became enormously over-developed. Instead of the old hypocrites, now all we've got are out-and-out rogues. Do you see what I mean by that?

~ Sōseki Natsume

Sōseki Natsume Egoism Enlightenment Fin De Siecle Freedom Individualism Japan Literature Meiji Modern Novel Political Liberation Politics Self Centeredness Social Hegemony Tradition Turn Of The Century Western

But do you imagine there’s a certain type of person in the world who conforms to the idea of a ‘bad person'? You’ll never find someone who fits that mold neatly, you know. On the whole, all people are good, or at least they’re normal. The frightening thing is that they can suddenly turn bad when it comes to the crunch. That’s why you have to be careful.

~ Sōseki Natsume

Sōseki Natsume Antebellum Contingency Ethics Evil Fin De Siecle Freedom Individual Japan Meiji Modernism Self The Crunch

The call for political freedom took place long ago. The call for freedom of speech is also a thing of the past. Freedom is not a word to be used exclusively for phenomena such as this which are so easily given outward manifestation. I believe that we young men of the new age have encountered the moment in time when we must call for that great freedom, the freedom of the mind.

~ Sōseki Natsume

Sōseki Natsume Enlightenment Fin De Siecle Freedom Japan Literature Meiji Novel Political Liberation Politics Social Hegemony Turn Of The Century Western

This medical view of an ideal male who was insulated from pathogens was inextricably bound up with a parallel discourse about the maintenance of strong ego boundaries, a psychic investment in one’s bodily peripheries that effected a gradual closing (and, one might say, a closing off) of the male body, at once from the outer world of dangerous stimuli and from the inner world of threatening passions. Without a doubt, as Norbert Elias has shown, in the western world both men and women experienced a shift in their sense of personal boundaries during the early modern era where, amid changing social circumstances, rising thresholds of repugnance and shame were manifested among the upper-classes as a growing aversion to their own bodily functions and to the bodies of others. The changes wrought by new developments in table manners and etiquette were extended by the introduction of hygienic practices in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that endeavored to maximise the order and cleanliness of the social body while futher compartmentalising the bourgeois self as a discrete bodily unit.

~ Christopher Forth

Christopher Forth Fin De Siecle France French Gender Masculinity

I used to ask myself, ‘Sergei, would you rather spend your money on drink or women?’ and thanks to the club, I spend it on both and am called a patron of the arts.

~ Melika Dannese Lux

Melika Dannese Lux 1894 Cabarets Dancehall Fin De Siecle Humor Ilyse Charpentier Paris Paris Patronage Parisian Club Patron Of The Arts Patronage Sergei Rakmanovich Witty Wisdom